Segundo Ordóñez
Segundo Ordóñez is an Afro-descendant human rights defender from Esmeraldas, Ecuador. His family migrated from Tumaco, Colombia when he was a child, due to the violence and poverty they experienced there. For most of his life in Ecuador, he lived and worked on abacá (Manila hemp) plantations with abacaleros (Manila-hemp worker), for the Japanese company ‘’Furukawa Plantaciones C. A’’ – a company which produces and exports abacá fibre. Abacá is formed from the stalks of banana trees, used and exported to the US and Europe for paper money, rope, teabags, cars and more. Ecuador is the second largest exporter of abacá fibre, yet those who farm the raw materials have done so under slavery-like conditions.
Hundreds of families in the Esmeraldas area worked for this company and lived in camps on the company farms for generations; enduring conditions of poor pay, exploitation, lack of access to adequate basic services, education, healthcare and more. Abacaleros, including Segundo, united after years of discrimination, and took the company and the State of Ecuador to court, accusing them of plunging at least three generations of impoverished rural workers into conditions of modern slavery. With the support of the civil society solidarity committee “Furukawa Nunca Más”, constitutional and criminal proceedings were instituted against the company but so far they have not achieved justice or any type of reparation for the abacaleros. When the case became public in 2019, the company retaliated and demolished some of the camps where abacaleros and their families lived, and evicted hundreds of other families from the camps. Segundo, along with a group of abacaleros, resisted the evictions by remaining in two of the camps owned by the company – an occupation which continues four years on.
Inspired by his bravery and ability to maintain community cohesion, Segundo became the representative of his community in legal proceedings, playing a key role in confronting the company in court and in public, which has also come at a risk to his life.
As a result of his resistance, he has been targeted in a number of ways ranging from consistent harassment, ‘’SLAPP’’ and other lawsuits filed by the company to intimidate and discredit him, and more recently, death threats. Moreover, having lost his job with the company and being victim of smear campaigns, he now struggles to find a new job in the region and access a fixed income. Nonetheless, he has persisted in the fight for justice and reparation for his community.
While the new Constitution promulgated in 2008 contained clauses referring to the environment and its protection, over the last couple of years, the government has permitted multinational corporations to enter and exploit oil and gas reserves to the detriment and devastation of the environment and indigenous communities. HRDs working to protect the environment increasingly find themselves targeted and in need of protection.
A presidential decree in 2013 targeting civil society organisations has so far only resulted in one entity being closed down (Fundación Pachamama) but the threat of closure looms large over more (Fundamedios) and has a deeply chilling effect on journalism. What's more, the President's use of state controlled media to harass, stigmatise and defame HRDs by name (especially on his 3-5 hour Saturday morning TV program) has made many HRDs wary.
Human rights defenders have been victims of a wide range of violations in Ecuador, such as police brutality, judicial harassment, arbitrary detentions, smear campaigns, threats, harassment and the oppression of indigenous and campesino communities. Recent incidents have shown that the situation for human rights defenders in Ecuador is precarious. Throughout the month of August 2015 thousands of people gathered in different parts of the country to protest against President Correa's proposed amendments to the constitution that would allow him to run for re-election indefinitely. During this demonstration, many HRDs were detained and beaten by the police.
