Mohammed Ahmed Kudia
Mohammed Ahmed Kudia was a human rights defender and lawyer who provided legal aid to victims of human rights violations. He was also a member of the Darfur network of monitors, an informal network of human rights activists, lawyers, journalists and doctors which was formed after the eruption of armed conflict in Darfur in 2003 and monitored violations such as extrajudicial killings, looting and enforced disappearances. He was killed in El Geneina, West Darfur on 28 May 2023.
The ongoing violence by government forces, pro-government militia groups and anti-government armed group forms the backdrop to continued harassment, arbitrary arrests, incommunicado detentions and alleged torture of human rights defenders (HRDs) by Sudanese military and security forces. Freedom of expression and freedom of association and assembly have been increasingly curtailed. In particular, NGO members, journalists and student activists have been targeted.
Human rights defenders are vulnerable to arbitrary arrest and detention by the National Intelligence and Security Services (NISS). The 2010 National Security Act grants the NISS extensive powers to arrest and detain people up to four and a half months without judicial review, and with complete impunity when the detention is arbitrary. Human rights defenders have been held incommunicado, without access to legal representation, and family visits have been refused without reasons. Detained HRDs have been often held in NISS cells that fall outside the jurisdiction of prisons laws and regulations, where they have also suffered ill-treatment and torture.
