Human rights defenders in Oman are subject to many of the restrictions and limitations which affect HRDs in the rest of the Gulf region. They are subject to harassment, arbitrary detention and torture whilst under interrogation. Hundreds of academics, journalists and commentators have been detained in mass arrests and kept incommunicado without any legal assistance. Oman is a signatory to three of the seven core UN treaties regarding human rights. Independent human rights organizations are not permitted to operate within the country.

The government holds a tight reign upon the freedom of human rights defenders and reform activists. Journalists must practice self-censorship to avoid government reprisals. University professors risk losing their teaching contracts if they dare to criticise Omani culture or the Sultan. Communication between HRDs is problematic as the Internet is monitored and controversial websites are blocked. The authorities make use of bureaucratic procedures to prevent NGOs from obtaining official recognition.

Oman ’s penal code is open to both vague and broad interpretations of what constitutes a security threat which allows the authorities to charge HRDs before the country’s State Security Court . In this instance, legal protection is curtailed for the defendant. In July 2005, the playwright and human rights activist Abdullah Ryami was arrested and kept incommunicado after he criticized the Omani police for using excessive force against demonstrators at a peaceful protest. Previously, he was prevented from writing articles and producing plays as he was accused of defaming the country’s reputation.