Aymara community leaders on trial
On 6 July 2017, human rights defender and Aymara leader, Walter Aduviri Calizaya, was convicted of the crime of disturbing the peace and sentenced to seven years in prison and a fine of two million soles (over 300, 000 US Dollars). The nine other indicted Ayamara leaders were acquitted of all charges. Walter Aduviri Calizaya intends to appeal the ruling before the Criminal Appeals Chamber.
Aymara communities in Puno have organized and mobilized themselves in order to campaign against mining activities that could cause irreparable damage to the environment, as well as to the indigenous communities’ water sources in the region, such as the Callacami and Desaguadero Rivers. The indigenous communities have also been requesting that their right to prior, free and informed consent be respected in relation to projects carried out on their land, as enshrined in both national laws and international human rights covenants. Aymara communities have been accompanied by Derechos Humanos y Medio Ambiente Puno – DHUMA (Human Rights and Environment Puno), a non-governmental organization that promotes the defense and enforceability of the rights of indigenous peoples and the environment in Puno, Peru.
On 6 July 2017, human rights defender and Aymara leader, Walter Aduviri Calizaya, was convicted of the crime of disturbing the peace and sentenced to seven years in prison and a fine of two million soles (over 300, 000 US Dollars). The nine other indicted Ayamara leaders were acquitted of all charges. Walter Aduviri Calizaya intends to appeal the ruling before the Criminal Appeals Chamber.
Walter Aduviri Calizaya is an Aymara leader from the region of Puno, Peru. Aymara communities in Puno have organized and mobilized themselves in order to campaign against mining activities that could cause irreparable damage to the environment, as well as to the indigenous communities’ water sources in the region, such as the Callacami and Desaguadero Rivers. The indigenous communities have also been requesting that their right to prior, free and informed consent be respected in relation to projects carried out on their land, as enshrined in both national laws and international human rights covenants.
On 6 July 2017, the Criminal Court Section of the High Court of Puno, Peru, held another hearing in the trial against 18 Aymara community leaders criminally indicted on charges of obstruction of public services, disturbing the peace, and aggravated extortion. During the previous hearing on 28 June 2017, indictments were withdrawn against eight of the leaders. However, the remaining ten human rights defenders faced up to 28 years in prison, in addition to fines of over two million soles.
The Court acquitted all ten human rights defenders on the charges of aggravated extortion and obstruction of public service. It also acquitted nine of the human rights defenders of the crime of disturbing the peace (article 315 Peruvian Penal Code), indicating that it could not clarify the criminal responsibility of the accused for the alleged crimes, except in the case of Walter Adurivi Calizaya. Subsequently, the Court sentenced Walter Adurivi Calizaya to seven years in prison as well as a fine of two million soles (over 300, 000 US Dollars). Walter Aduviri Calizaya intends to appeal the ruling before the Criminal Appeals Chamber.
The trial was related to a mobilization organized by Aymara communities - known as “Aymarazo” - that took place in Puno in 2011. At that time, the communities organised several protests against the “Santa Ana” mining project owned by the Canadian company Bear Creek Mining Corporation. The communities voiced concerns that the project would have negative impacts on their environmental rights, and would pollute their water sources. As a result of several weeks of protests, the government repealed the license that authorised the mine. However, 18 community leaders were criminally charged with the alleged crimes of obstruction of public services, disturbing the peace, and aggravated extortion.
Front Line Defenders expresses serious concern over the criminalization of Aymara community leaders, as well as the sentencing of human rights defender Walter Aduviri Calizaya and calls upon authorities in Peru to immediately drop all charges against him, which it believes to be directly linked to his peaceful and legitimate work in defence of human rights.
On 6 July 2017 at the Collegial Criminal Court of the High Court of Puno, Peru, another hearing will be held in the ongoing trial against 18 Aymara community leaders criminally indicted on charges of obstruction of public services, disturbing the peace, and aggravated extortion. The charges are in connection with the human rights defenders’ activities campaigning against the Santa Ana mining project owned by the Canadian company Bear Creek Mining Corporation. During the previous hearing on 28 June 2017, indictments were withdrawn against eight of the leaders. However, the remaining ten human rights defenders face between 16 to 28 years in prison, in addition to fines of over two million dollars.
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Aymara communities in Puno have organized and mobilized themselves in order to campaign against mining activities that could cause irreparable damage to the environment, as well as to the indigenous communities’ water sources in the region, such as the Callacami and Desaguadero Rivers. The indigenous communities have also been requesting that their right to prior, free and informed consent be respected in relation to projects carried out on their land, as enshrined in both national laws and international human rights covenants. Aymara communities have been accompanied by Derechos Humanos y Medio Ambiente Puno – DHUMA (Human Rights and Environment Puno), a non-governmental organization that promotes the defense and enforceability of the rights of indigenous peoples and the environment in Puno, Peru.
The ongoing trial is related to the mobilization organized by Aymara communities - known as “Aymarazo” - that took place in Puno in 2011. At that time, the communities organised several protests against the “Santa Ana” mining project owned by the Canadian company Bear Creek Mining Corporation. The communities voiced concerns that the project would have negative impacts on the environment, and would pollute their water sources. As a result of several weeks of protests, the government repealed the license that authorised the mine. However, 18 community leaders were criminally charged with the alleged crimes of obstruction of public services, disturbing the peace, and aggravated extortion.
On 28 June 2017, as the closing arguments of the trial began, the prosecutor withdrew the accusations against eight of the 18 community leaders due to lack of evidence. However, the other 10 community leaders face sentences ranging from 16 to 28 years in prison and fines totaling over two million dollars. The human rights defenders still facing prison sentences are Walter Aduviri Calizaya, Patricio Illacutipa Illacutipa, Rufino Machaca Quinto, Domingo Quispe Tancara, Javier Pari Sarmiento, Eddy Uriarte Chambilla, Gregorio Ururi Fernandez, Severo Efrain Iturry Gandarrillas, Gilver Chura Yupanqui and Felix Illacutipa Mamani. The next hearing is due to take place on 6 July 2017 and the ruling is expected to be released soon after the hearing.
The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights has said that “social demonstration is important for the consolidation of democratic life and that, in general, this form of participation in public life, as an exercise of freedom of expression, has a crucial social interest. In many of the countries of the hemisphere, social protest and mobilization have become tools to petition the public authorities, as well as channels for public complaints regarding abuses or human rights violations”.
Front Line Defenders has previously reported on the difficult situation that human rights defenders in Peru often live and work in, including being the direct targets of intimidation, death threats, physical attacks, killings, surveillance, stigmatisation, smear campaignsand judicial harassment. These violations appear to be directly related to the legitimate and peaceful human rights activities carried out by the defenders, including supporting local communities campaigning for their rights in the face of mining projects that affect them. In March 2017, Front Line Defenders also concluded that the country has repeatedly failed to provide protection for human rights defenders carrying out their work. Despite the approval of the Law on Prior Consultation in 2011, the government has continued to issue mining and extractive licenses without prior consultation with local indigenous peoples and has resorted to violence and criminalisation against social leaders in socio-environmental conflicts related to extractive projects.
Front Line Defenders expresses concern over the ongoing criminalization against the Aymara community leaders and calls upon authorities in Peru to immediately drop all charges against them, which it believes to be directly linked to their peaceful and legitimate work in defence of human rights.
Front Line Defenders urges the authorities in Peru to:
1. Immediately drop all charges against Walter Aduviri Calizaya, Patricio Illacutipa Illacutipa, Rufino Machaca Quinto, Domingo Quispe Tancara, Javier Pari Sarmiento, Eddy Uriarte Chambilla, Gregorio Ururi Fernandez, Severo Efrain Iturry Gandarrillas, Gilver Chura Yupanqui and Felix Illacutipa Mamani, as Front Line Defenders believes that they are being criminalized solely as a result of their legitimate and peaceful work in the defence of human rights;
2. Take all necessary measures, in consultation with the human rights defenders, to guarantee their physical and psychological integrity and security, as well as of their families and legal representatives;
3. Refrain from misusing the justice system to intimidate, harass and discredit human rights defenders;
4. Guarantee in all circumstances that all human rights defenders in Honduras are able to carry out their legitimate human rights activities without fear of reprisals and free of all restrictions, including judicial harassment.
