Committees

* Human Rights Committee * Committee against Torture * Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights * Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination * Committee on the Rights of the Child * Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

Human Rights Committee

GUIDE TO UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS MACHINERY

remit International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) · periodic reports every 5 years or as determined by the Committee · individual complaints (Ireland only) - see making a complaint under the optional protocols · inter-state complaints (never used)
type of issues considered the right to self-determination (Article 1)
  • non-discrimination (Articles 2(1) and 26)
  • equal rights of men and women to enjoy civil and political rights (Article 3)
  • the right to life (Article 6)
  • freedom from torture (Article 7)
  • freedom from slavery (Article 8)
  • the right to liberty (Article 9)
  • prisoners’ rights (Articles 10 and 11)
  • the right to freedom of movement (Article 12)
  • limited immigration rights (Article 13)
  • the right to a fair trial (Article 14)
  • the right to family life and privacy (Articles 17 and 23)
  • freedom of conscience and religion (Articles 18 and 19)
  • freedom of assembly and association (Articles 21 and 22)
  • children’s rights (Article 24)
  • minority rights (Article 27)
number of members 18 “persons of high moral character and recognised competence in the field of human rights”; must act “impartially and conscientiously”
how nominated by States party to ICCPR
how elected ditto; for 4 year periods; can stand again; no more than one member per country; regard must be had to: geographical distribution, form of civilisation, type of legal system; half committee stands down every 2 years
reports to General Assembly
reports when annually
outline procedure
  • government submits report
  • NGOs make submissions
  • pre-sessional working group made up of 5 Committee members including Country Rapporteur draws up list of issues to be put to government, one session ahead of the session at which the report is due to be considered – NGOs are allowed to make oral presentations and suggest questions for Committee to put to government
  • at hearing, government presents report and replies to list of issues
  • Committee members ask questions
  • government replies
  • final comments by Committee chair
  • concluding observations of the Committee
  • closed session to consider concluding observations
  • public expression of concluding observations
current members (name, country of origin, date mandate expires)
Mr Abdelfattah AMOR (Tunisia 2002)
Mr Nisuke ANDO (Japan 2002)
Mr Prafullachandra Natwarlal BHAGWATI (India 2002
Mrs Christine CHANET (France 2002)
Mr Louis HENKIN (USA 2002)
Mr Maurice GLÈLÈ-AHANHANZO (Benin 2004)
Mr Ahmed Tawfik KHALIL (Egypt 2004)
Mr Eckart Klein (Germany 2002)
Mr David Kretzmer (Israel 2002)
Mr Rajsoomer LALLAH (Mauritius 2004)
Ms Cecilia MEDINA QUIROGA (Chile 2002)
Mr Rafael RIVAS POSADA (Colombia 2004)
Sir Nigel RODLEY (Uk 2004
Mr Ivan SHEARER (Australia 2004)
Mr Martin SCHEININ (Finland 2004)
Mr Hipólito SOLARI YRIGOYEN (Argentina 2002)
Mr Patrick VELLA (Malta 2004)
Mr Maxwell Yalden (Canada 2004)
un address :Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
Palais des Nations
United Nations
8 - 14 Avenue de
la Paix
1211 Geneva 10
Switzerland
submissions by 2 months prior to date set for Working Group to draw up list of questions (see outline procedure above)
secretary Mr M Schmidt Ms M Morales Fernandez
ROOM NUMBER Room 1-066 Room 1-032
telephone 00 41 22 917 9258 00 41 22 917 9139
fax 00 41 22 917 9022 00 41 22 917 9022
E-mail address mschmidt.hchr@unog.ch mmorales.hchr@unog.ch
relevant un leaflet(s) Civil and Political Rights: The Human Rights Committee Fact Sheet No. 15 The International Bill of Human Rights Fact sheet No. 2/Rev.1 Communications Procedures Fact Sheet No. 7
established 1976
meets Spring (New York), Summer and Autumn (Geneva)
came into force uk 1976 (but the UK has not ratified either of the optional protocols)
last uk report considered july 1995
next UK report 1999-will be considered october 2001
came into force 1990
last ireland report considered july 2000
next ireland report july 2005
further reading
The Human Rights Committee, Dominic McGoldrick, Clarendon Press, Oxford
The ICCPR: International Human Rights Law in Ireland, Michael O’Flaherty and Liz Heffernan, Brehon Press,
Dublin Commentary on the UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Nowak & Tretter, Engel Verlag, Kehl am Rhein, 1993

Committee against Torture

GUIDE TO UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS MACHINERY

remit Convention against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT) - UK only; Ireland signed in 1992 but has yet to ratify
  • periodic reports every 4 years
  • individual complaints (not allowed by UK)
  • inter-state complaints (allowed by UK if state complaining about UK has agreed to accept complaints against itself)
type of issues considered
  • cases of torture (Article 1)
  • cases of other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (Article 16)
  • cases where people have been deported, returned or extradited to a country where there are substantial grounds for believing they would be in danger of torture (Article 3)
  • failure to examine complaints about torture and lesser forms of ill-treatment promptly and impartially (Article 13)
  • failure to pay compensation in cases of torture (Article 14)
  • reliance in any proceedings against victims on statements extracted from them by torture (Article 15)
number of members 10 “experts of high moral standing and recognised competence in the field of human rights”
how nominated by States party to CAT
how elected ditto; for 4 year periods; can stand again; no more than one member per country; regard must be had to geographical distribution and usefulness of some members having legal experience; half committee stands down every 2 years
reports to General Assembly
reports when annually
outline procedure
  • government submits report
  • NGOs make submissions
  • at hearing, government presents report
  • Country Rapporteur asks questions
  • other Committee members ask questions
  • government replies
  • final comments by Committee members
  • closed session to consider views
  • public expression of Committee’s conclusions and recommendations
current members (name, country of origin, date mandate expires)
  • Mr Peter Thomas BURNS (Canada 2003)
  • Mr Guibril CAMARA (Senegal 2001)
  • Mr Sayed Kassem EL MASRY (Egypt 2003)
  • Ms Felice GAER (USA 2003)
  • Mr Alejandro GONZALES POBLETE (Chile 2001)
  • Mr António Silva HENRIQUES GASPAR (Portugal 2003)
  • Mr Andreas Mavrommatis (Cyprus 2001)
  • Mr Ole Vedel RASMUSSEN (Denmark 2001)
  • Mr Alexander YAKOVLEV (Russian Fed 2001)
  • Mr YU Mengjia (China 2001)
un address Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Palais des Nations United Nations 8 -14 Avenue de la Paix 1211 Geneva 10 Switzerland
submissions by 2 months prior to date set for discussion of next periodic report
secretary Ms Carmen Rosa RUEDA CASTAñON
ROOM NUMBER Room 1-021
telephone 00 41 22 917 9288
fax 00 41 22 917 9022
e-mail crueda-castanon.hchr@unog.ch
relevant un leaflet(s) Methods of Combating Torture Fact Sheet No. 4 The Committee against Torture Fact Sheet No. 17
established 1988
meets twice a year in Geneva, in May and November
came into force uk 1989
last uk report considered November 1998
next uk report January 2002
came into force ireland Not yet ratified
last Ireland report
next Ireland report
further reading The United Nations Convention Against Torture, Burgers J H and Danelius H, Nijhoff, Dordrecht/Boston/London 1988
other remarks See also Special Rapporteur on Torture

Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

GUIDE TO UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS MACHINERY

remit International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
  • periodic reports every 5 years
type of issues considered
  • equal rights for men and women to enjoy economic, social and cultural rights (Article 3)
  • employment rights (Articles 6 and 7)
  • trade union rights (Article 8)
  • social security rights (Article 9)
  • family rights (Article 10)
  • rights to an adequate standard of living (Article 11) and health care (Article 12)
  • education rights (Articles 13 and 14)
  • the right to participate in cultural life, benefit from scientific progress, and copyright and patent rights (Article 15)
  • all the above rights to beenjoyed without any discrimination (Article 2.2)
number of members 18 “experts with recognised competence in the field of human rights”
how nominated by States party to ICESCR
how elected by ECOSOC; for 4 year periods; can stand again; no more than one member per country; regard must be had to: geographical distribution, type of social and legal system;half committee stands down every 2 years
reports to ECOSOC
reports when annually
outline procedure
  • government submits report
  • NGOs make submissions
  • NGOs can request the opportunity to make oral submissions at the beginning of the pre-sessional working group, which meets in the week following each session to plan the work of the next session. The government is not present for this. NGOs can suggest questions to be put to the government
  • one member of the pre-sessional working group takes responsibility for each country reporting, i.e. preparing a draft list of issues to be considered by the pre-sessional working group and drafting the Committee’s concluding observations
  • NGOs can also request an opportunity to make oral submissions on the first afternoon of the session itself. The government does not participate but can observe
  • the country report is considered over three 3-hour meetings (for initial reports) and two 3-hour meetings (periodic reports) during the session
  • Committee meets in private to consider and adopt its concluding observations
current members (name, country of origin, date mandate expires)
  • Mr Mahmoud Samir AHMED (Egypt 2002)
  • Mr Clement ATANGANA(Cameroon 2002)
  • Ms Rocio BARAHONA RIERA(Costa Rica 2004)
  • Ms Virginia BONOAN-DANDAN(Philippines 2002)
  • Mr Dumitru CEAUSU(Romania 2002)
  • Mr Abdessatar GRISSA(Tunisia 2004)
  • Mr Paul HUNT(New Zealand 2004)
  • Mr Valeri KOUZNETSOV(Russian Fed 2002)
  • Mr Giorgio MALINVERNI(Switzerland 2002)
  • Mr Jaime MARCHAN ROMERO(Ecuador 2004)
  • Mr Sergei MARTYNOV(Belarus 2002)
  • Mr Ariranga Govindasamy PILLAY(Mauritius 2004)
  • Mr Kenneth Osborne RATTRAY (Jamaica 2004)
  • Mr Eibe RIEDEL(Germany 2002)
  • Mr Walid SA’DI(Jordan 2004)
  • Mr Philippe TEXIER(France 2004)
  • Mr Nutan THAPALIA(Nepal 2002)
  • Mr Javier WIMER ZAMBRANO (Mexico 2002)
un address Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Palais des Nations United Nations 8 -14 Avenue de la Paix 1211 Geneva 10 Switzerland
submissions by at least 2 months prior to date set for discussion of report
secretarY Mr. Alexandre Tikhonov
ROOM NUMBER Room 1-025
telephone 00 41 22 917 9321
fax 00 41 22 917 9046
e-mail atikhonov.hchr@unog.ch
relevant unleaflet(s) The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Fact Sheet No. 16/Rev.1 The International Bill of Human Rights Fact Sheet No. 2/Rev.1 NGO participation in activities of CESCR E/C.12/2000/6
established 1985
meets May and November, in Geneva
came into force uk 1976
last uk report September 1997
next uk report 2002
came into force Ireland 1990
last Ireland report June 1997 – considered May 1999
next Ireland report 2002
further reading The ICCESR: A Perspective on its Development, Matthew Craven, 1995

Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

GUIDE TO UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS MACHINERY

remit International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
  • periodic reports every 5 years
type of issues considered
  • equal rights for men and women to enjoy economic, social and cultural rights (Article 3)
  • employment rights (Articles 6 and 7)
  • trade union rights (Article 8)
  • social security rights (Article 9)
  • family rights (Article 10)
  • rights to an adequate standard of living (Article 11) and health care (Article 12)
  • education rights (Articles 13 and 14)
  • the right to participate in cultural life, benefit from scientific progress, and copyright and patent rights (Article 15)
  • all the above rights to be enjoyed without any discrimination (Article 2.2)
number of members 18 “experts with recognised competence in the field of human rights”
how nominated by States party to ICESCR
how elected by ECOSOC; for 4 year periods; can stand again; no more than one member per country; regard must be had to: geographical distribution, type of social and legal system; half committee stands down every 2 years
reports to ECOSOC
reports when annually
outline procedure
  • government submits report
  • NGOs make submissions
  • NGOs can request the opportunity to make oral submissions at the beginning of the pre-sessional working group, which meets in the week following each session to plan the work of the next session. The government is not present for this. NGOs can suggest questions to be put to the government
  • one member of the pre-sessional working group takes responsibility for each country reporting, i.e. preparing a draft list of issues to be considered by the pre-sessional working group and drafting the Committee’s concluding observations
  • NGOs can also request an opportunity to make oral submissions on the first afternoon of the session itself. The government does not participate but can observe
  • the country report is considered over three 3-hour meetings (for initial reports) and two 3-hour meetings (periodic reports) during the session
  • Committee meets in private to consider and adopt its concluding observations
current members (name, country of origin, date mandate expires)
  • Mr Mahmoud Samir AHMED (Egypt 2002)
  • Mr Clement ATANGANA (cameroon 2002)
  • Ms Rocio BARAHONA RIERA (Costa Rica 2004)
  • Ms Virginia BONOAN-DANDAN (Philippines 2002)
  • Mr Dumitru CEAUSU (Romania 2004)
  • Mr Abdessatar GRISSA (Tunisia 2004)
  • Mr Paul HUNT (New Zealand 2002)
  • Mr Valeri KOUZNETSOV (Switzerland 2004)
  • Mr Giorgio MALINVERNI (Ecuador 2002)
  • Mr Jaime MARCHAN ROMERO (Belarus 2004)
  • Mr Sergei MARTYNOV (Mauritius 2004)
  • Mr Ariranga Govindasamy PILLAY (Jamaica 2004)
  • Mr Kenneth Osborne RATTRAY
  • Mr Eibe RIEDEL(Germany 2002)
  • Mr Walid SA’DI (Jordan 004)
  • Mr Philippe TEXIER(France 2004)
  • Mr Nutan THAPALIA (Nepal 2002)
  • Mr Javier WIMER ZAMBRANO (mexico 2002)
un address Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Palais des Nations United Nations 8 -14 Avenue de la Paix 1211 Geneva 10 Switzerland
submissions by at least 2 months prior to date set for discussion of report
secretary Mr. Alexandre Tikhonov
ROOM NUMBER Room 1-025
telephone 00 41 22 917 9321
fax 00 41 22 917 9046
e-mail atikhonov.hchr@unog.ch
relevant un leaflet(s) The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Fact Sheet No. 16/Rev.1 The International Bill of Human Rights Fact Sheet No. 2/Rev.1 NGO participation in activities of CESCR E/C.12/2000/6
established 1985
meets May and November, in Geneva
came into force uk 1976
last uk report September 1997
next uk report 2002
came into force Ireland 1990
'last Ireland report June 1997 – considered May 1999
next Ireland report 2002
further reading The ICCESR: A Perspective on its Development, Matthew Craven, 1995

Committee on the Rights of the Child

remit Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)
  • Initial reports within twoyears of the entry into force
  • periodic reports every 5 years
type of issues considered
  • non-discrimination (Article 2)
  • best interests of the child (Article 3)
  • · right of life, survival and development (Article 6)
  • · respect for the views of the child (Article 12)
  • · name and nationality (Article 7)
  • · preservation of identity (Article 8)
  • · freedom of expression (Article 13)
  • · access to appropriate information (Article 17)
  • · freedom of thought, conscience and religion (Article 14)
  • · freedom of association and of peaceful assembly (Article 15)
  • · protection of privacy (Article 16)
  • · the right not to be subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (Article 37 (a))
  • · parental guidance (Article 5)
  • · parental responsibilities (Article 18, para.s 1 - 2)
  • · separation from parents (Article 9)
  • · family reunification (Article 10)
  • · recovery of maintenance for the child (Article 27, para. 4)
  • · children deprived of a family environment (Article 20)
  • · adoption (Article 21)
  • · illicit transfer and non-return (Article 11)
  • · abuse and neglect (Article 19), including physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration (Article 39)
  • · periodic review of placement (Article 25)
  • · survival and development (Article 6, para. 2)
  • · disabled children (Article 24)
  • · health and health services (Article 24)
  • · social security and child care services and facilities (Articles 26 and 18, para. 3)
  • · standard of living (Article 27, para.s 1 - 3)
  • · education, including vocational training and guidance (Article 28)
  • · aims of education (Article 29)
  • · leisure, recreation and cultural activities (Article 31)
  • · refugee children (Article 22)
  • · children in armed conflicts (Article 38), including physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration (Article 39)
  • · the administration of juvenile justice (Article 40)
  • · children deprived of their liberty, including any form of detention, imprisonment or placement in custodial settings (Article 37 (b), (c) and (d))
  • · the sentencing of juveniles, in particular the prohibition of capital punishment and life imprisonment (Article 37 (a))
  • · physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration (Article 39)
  • · economic exploitation, including child labour (Article 32)
  • · drug abuse (Article 33)
  • · sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (Article 34)
  • · other forms of exploitation (Article 36)
  • · sale, trafficking and abduction (Article 35) of children belonging to a minority or an indigenous group (Article 30)
number of members 10 “experts of high moral standing and recognised competence in the field covered by the Convention”; to be increased to 18 when two thirds of States parties notify their acceptance
how nominated by States party to CRC
how elected ditto; for 4 year periods; can stand again; no more than one member per country; half committee stands down every 2 years
reports to General Assembly, via ECOSOC, in addition to the biennial report to the General Assembly via ECOSOC, a report is issued at the end of each session
reports when every 2 years
online procedure *government submits report
  • Secretariatprepares country analysis
  • NGOs, relevant UN bodies and specialised agencies make submissions
  • pre-sessional working group of the CRC meets in private to prepare for the next session. It receives input from NGOs, relevant UN bodies and specialised agencies and draws up a list of issues to address to reporting governments
  • governments are requested to supply written answers to the list of issues before the session
  • at the session, government presents report
  • Country Rapporteur(s) and other CRC members ask questions
  • government replies
  • CRC members make preliminary oral observations
  • CRC meets in private to draft concluding (in some cases, preliminary) observations in writing
  • the CRC’s observations are adopted in public during the final meeting of the session
current members (name, country of origin, date mandate expires)
  • Mr Ibrahim Abdul Aziz AL-SHEDDI (Saui Arabia 2005)
  • Ms Ghalia Mohd Bin Hamad AL-THANI (Qatar 2005)
  • Ms Saisuree CHUTIKUL (Thailand 2005)
  • Mr Luigi CITARELLA (italy 2005)
  • Jacob Egbert DOEK (Netherlands 2005)
  • Amina Hamza EL GUINDI (Egypt 2003)
  • Mrs Judith KARP (Israel 2005)
  • Mrs Awa N’Deye OUEDRAOGO (Burkina Fasco 2003)
  • Mrs Marilia SARDENBERG (Brazil 2005)
  • Ms Elisabeth TIGERSTEDT-TÄHTELÄ (Finland 2003)
un address Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Palais des Nations United Nations 8 -14 Avenue de la Paix 1211 Geneva 10 Switzerland
submissions by 2 months prior to date set for discussion of periodic report in pre-sessional working group
secretary Mr Paulo DAVID
ROOM NUMBER Room 1-065
telephone 00 41 22 917 9301
fax 00 41 22 917 9022
e-mail pdavid.hchr@unog.ch
relevant un leaflet(s) The Rights of the Child Fact Sheet No. 10/Rev.1 Harmful Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children Fact Sheet No. 23
established 1990
meets three times a year, in Geneva
came into force uk 1992
last uk report 1999 – to be considered May/June 2002
next uk report September 2004
came into force Ireland 1992
last Ireland report 1996 – considered January 1998
next Ireland report 1999 – overdue
further reading guide for NGOs produced by the NGO Group for the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1994, available from: Ms Laura Theytaz-Bergman c/o Defence of Children International P.O. Box 88 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland fax: 00 41 22 740 1145
OTHER REMARKS See also special rapporteur on violence against women and special rapporteur on sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography

Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

remit Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
  • · periodic reports every 4 years after initial report
  • · individual complaints (Ireland only) - see making a complaint under the optional protocols
type of issues considered
  • · discrimination against women (Articles 1 - 4)
  • · sex roles and stereotyping (Article 5)
  • · trafficking in women and exploitation of prostitution (Article 6)
  • · women’s rights to participate in public and political life (Articles 7 and 8) and social and economic life (Article 13)
  • · nationality rights, especially on marriage (Article 9)
  • · equal rights in education (Article 10), employment (Article 11), and health care (Article 12)
  • · rights of rural women (Article 14)
  • · marriage and family rights (Article 16)
number of members 23 “experts of high moral standing and competence in the field covered by the Convention” serving in a personal capacity.
how nominated by States parties to CEDAW
how elected ditto; for 4 year periods; can stand again; no more than one member per country; regard must be had to: geographical distribution, form of civilisation, type of legal system; half committee stands down every 2 years
reports to General Assembly, via ECOSOC
reports when Initial report due within one year of ratification or accession and then every four years, or whenever the Committee requests.
outline procedure Procedure differs according to whether the report is initial or periodic. Initial report:
  • · government submits report
  • · NGOs make submissions
  • · at hearing, government presents report
  • · Committee make general comments on report
  • · Committee asks questions re individual articles in CEDAW
  • · government replies some days later
  • · final comments by Committee members Periodic report:
  • · NGOs must provide submissions prior to pre-session working group
  • · NGOs make submissions in written and oral form at pre-session working group
  • · questions drawn up by pre-session working group of committee
  • · questions sent to government three to four months in advance of hearing
  • · governments reply in writing (in time for responses to be translated into all UN languages)
  • · government presents report at hearing
  • · Committee asks questions re individual articles in CEDAW
  • · government replies
  • · final comments by Committee members
current members (name, country of origin, date mandate expires)
  • Ms Charlotte ABAKA (Ghana 2002)
  • Ms Ayse Feride ACAR (Turkey 2002)
  • Ms Sjamsiah ACHMAD (Indonesia 2004)
  • Ms Emna AOUIJ (Tunisia 2002)
  • Ms Ivanka CORTI (Italy 2002)
  • Ms Feng CUI (China 2002)
  • Ms Françoise GASPARD (France 2004)
  • Ms Yolanda FERRER GOMEZ (Cuba 2002)
  • Ms Naela GABR (Egypt 2002)
  • Ms Aída GONZÁLEZ (Mexico 2002)
  • Ms Savitri GOONESEKERE (Sri Lanka 2002)
  • Ms Rosalyn HAZELLE (St Kitts & Nevis 2002)
  • Ms Fatima KWAKU (Nigeria 2004)
  • Mr Göran MELANDER (Sweden 2004)
  • Ms Asha Rose MTENGETI-MIGIRO (Tanzania 2004)
  • Ms Heisoo SHIN (South Korea 2004)
  • Ms Rosario MANALO (Philippines 2002)
  • Ms Mavivi MAYAKAYAKA- MANZINI (South Africa 2002)
  • Ms Zelmira REGAZZOLI (Argentina 2002)
  • Ms Hanna SCHÖPP-SCHILLING (Germany 2002)
  • Dr Carmel SHALEV (Israel 20020)
  • Ms Maria Regina TAVARES de SILVA (Portugal 2004)
  • Ms Chikako TAYA (Japan 2002)
un address Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Division for the Advancement of Women, Room DC2-1220 P.O. Box 20 United Nations New York NY 10017 USA
submissions by 3 or 4 months prior to date set for discussion of periodic report
secretary Ms Jane CONNORS
telephone 00 1 212 963 3162
fax 00 1 212 963 3463
e-mail connorsj@un.org
relevant un leaflet(s) Discrimination against Women: the Convention and the Committee Fact Sheet No. 22
established 1981
meets twice yearly, in New York
caMe into force uk 1986
last uk report 1999
next uk report 2003
came into force Ireland 1986
last Ireland report 1999
next Ireland report 2003
other remarks See also special rapporteur on violence against women commission on the status of women and http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw