Defending human rights in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT) is a complex and dangerous task. The historical, political and legal framework of operation is disputed, although certain key understandings and conclusions can be drawn. Human rights defenders face the challenging situation of operating to defend human rights violations resulting from the Israeli occupation as well as those committed by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). This report observes a number of emerging threats against defenders - in particular in relation to the construction of the Wall inside the territory of the West Bank and the unilateral Gaza ‘disengagement’ plan which will place severe limits on the abilities of individuals and organisations to carry out their work inside the OPT.